Author: Alok

DevSecOps

Node 8266 EPS – voltage sensor – pushgateway

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>

// WiFi credentials
const char* ssid = "SSID";
const char* password = "PASS";

// Prometheus Pushgateway
const char* pushgatewayHost = "https://pushgateway.example.com/metrics/job/voltage_monitor/instance/node-8266/sensor/voltage";



// Voltage divider resistors
const float R1 = 29000.0;
const float R2 = 7500.0;

// ADC config
const float ADC_RESOLUTION = 1023.0;
const float REF_VOLTAGE = 3.3;  // Adjust depending on your board
float previousVoltage = -1.0; 

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(1000);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("\nConnected!");
}

void loop() {
  float voltage = readVoltage();
  if (abs(voltage - previousVoltage) > 0.01) {  // send only if change > 10 mV
    sendToPrometheus(voltage);
    previousVoltage = voltage;
  } else {
    Serial.println("⚠️ Voltage unchanged. Skipping Pushgateway update.");
  }
  delay(20000);  // Send every 20 seconds
}

float readVoltage() {
  int adcValue = analogRead(A0);
  float vOut = (adcValue / ADC_RESOLUTION) * REF_VOLTAGE;
  float vIn = vOut * ((R1 + R2) / R2);
  Serial.print("Measured Voltage: ");
  Serial.println(vIn, 3);
  return vIn;
}

void sendToPrometheus(float voltage) {
  if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.println("WiFi not connected!");
    return;
  }
  //WiFiClient client; // for http
  //HTTPClient http;
  WiFiClientSecure client;
  client.setInsecure();
  HTTPClient http;

  String metrics = "voltage_sensor " + String(voltage, 3) + "\n";
  String url = String(pushgatewayHost) ;

  // Encode Basic Auth manually
  String base64Credentials = "Base64encoded Creds";
  String authHeader = "Basic " + base64Credentials;
  http.begin(client, url);
  http.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain");
  http.addHeader("Authorization", authHeader);

  int httpCode = http.POST(metrics);
  if (httpCode > 0) {
    Serial.printf("Pushgateway Response: %d\n", httpCode);
  } else {
    Serial.printf("Failed to send data: %s\n", http.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());
  }

  http.end();
}

Voltage Sensor – with pico w 2

  • R1 – 7.5K
    R2 – 30K
from machine import ADC
from time import sleep

# Use ADC0 (GPIO26)
adc = ADC(26)

# Constants
VREF = 3.3              # Pico ADC reference voltage
ADC_RESOLUTION = 65535  # For read_u16() scale
DIVIDER_RATIO = 5       # Because 7.5k / (30k + 7.5k) = 0.2 → inverse is 5

def read_input_voltage():
    raw = adc.read_u16()
    v_out = (raw / ADC_RESOLUTION) * VREF
    v_in = v_out * DIVIDER_RATIO
    return round(v_in, 3)

# Main loop
while True:
    voltage = read_input_voltage()
    print("Measured Voltage:", voltage, "V")
    sleep(1)

Since the Pico ADC max is 3.3V and you’re dividing by 5: Vin max=3.3V×5=16.5VV = 3.3V \times 5 = 16.5V

Vin max​=3.3V×5=16.5V

So you can safely measure up to about 16.5 volts.

Pico 2 w – HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor

Pins:

from machine import Pin, time_pulse_us
from time import sleep

# Define GPIO pins
TRIG = Pin(3, Pin.OUT)
ECHO = Pin(2, Pin.IN)

def get_distance():
    # Ensure trigger is low
    TRIG.low()
    sleep(0.002)  # Let sensor settle
    
    # Send a 10µs pulse to trigger
    TRIG.high()
    sleep(0.00001)
    TRIG.low()

    # Measure time for echo
    try:
        duration = time_pulse_us(ECHO, 1, 30000)  # 30ms timeout
    except OSError as ex:
        print("Pulse timed out")
        return None

    # Distance calculation: time (us) × speed of sound (cm/us) / 2
    distance_cm = (duration * 0.0343) / 2
    return round(distance_cm, 2)

# Main loop
while True:
    dist = get_distance()
    if dist:
        print("Distance:", dist, "cm")
    else:
        print("No distance measured.")
    sleep(1)

Pi Pico 2 W – UF2 flash – install

  • While connect to your PC first press the BOOTSEL cutton on the pico 2 w and then connect the USB
  • It will be connected as new drive(FS mode). you can view in “files”

Pico W with MQ-135 air quality sensor – Prometheus pushgateway

If you want to make portable Air quality sensor this is very easy setup. Make sure to include you mobile hostspot wifi ssid so that you can easily collect data from anywhere on the go.

Gas sensor normal takes 2-3 min to normalized it’s output vaules.

  • Pins
VCC = 3v3(OUT) - GP36
GND = GND -GP38
Input = ADC0 - GP26
  • Code
import network
import urequests
import machine
import time
import ubinascii

#only needed if sending over public ip with https.
USERNAME_P = "basic-auth-username"
PASSWORD_P = 'basic-auth-pass'

# WiFi Credentials
SSID = 'WIFI-SSID'
PASSWORD = 'WIFI-PASSWORD'

# PushGateway Configuration
PUSHGATEWAY_URL = 'https://pushgateway.example.com/metrics/job/gas_sensor/instance/pico-1/sensor/mq135'

# ADC Setup for MQ-135 on GP26 (ADC0)
adc = machine.ADC(26)

def connect_wifi():
    wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
    wlan.active(True)
    if not wlan.isconnected():
        print('Connecting to WiFi...')
        wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
        while not wlan.isconnected():
            time.sleep(0.5)
    print('Connected, IP:', wlan.ifconfig()[0])

def read_gas_sensor():
    raw_value = adc.read_u16()  # 0–65535
    voltage = raw_value * 3.3 / 65535  # Convert to voltage if needed
    return raw_value, voltage

def send_to_pushgateway(value):
    # Prometheus format (you can include labels if you want)
    payload = f"gas_sensor_value {value}\n"
    auth_string = "{}:{}".format(USERNAME_P, PASSWORD_P)
    auth_encoded = ubinascii.b2a_base64(auth_string.encode()).decode().strip()
    
    headers = {
        "Content-Type": "text/plain",
        "Authorization": "Basic " + auth_encoded
    }
    try:
        res = urequests.post(PUSHGATEWAY_URL, data=payload, headers=headers, timeout=5)
        print("Pushed to gateway:", res.status_code)
        res.close()
    except Exception as e:
        print("Push failed:", e)

def main():
    connect_wifi()
    while True:
        raw, voltage = read_gas_sensor()
        print(f"Gas Sensor Raw: {raw} | Voltage: {voltage:.3f}V")
        send_to_pushgateway(raw)
        time.sleep(1)  # Push every 10 seconds

main()
  • timeout=5 is to fix the error code -110, [Errno 110] , ETIMEDOUT, [Errno 115] EINPROGRESS
  • Read data from pico over USB tty
#find device
dmesg | grep tty

$ read X < /dev/ttyACM0
hello
$ echo $X
Gas Sensor Raw: 2496 | Voltage: 0.126V
  • Read using screen command
screen /dev/ttyACM0

#with Baud rate

screen /dev/ttyACM0 9600

check LAN max speed- iperf3

apt install iperf3

#on server 192.168.0.10
iperf -s


#on client
iperf -c 192.168.0.10


root@lp-arm-3:~# iperf3 -c 192.168.0.10
Connecting to host 192.168.0.10, port 5201
[  5] local 192.168.0. port 50976 connected to 192.168.0.10
port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  11.4 MBytes  95.6 Mbits/sec  248   48.1 KBytes       
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  10.9 MBytes  91.2 Mbits/sec  260   38.2 KBytes       
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  10.9 MBytes  91.7 Mbits/sec  251   38.2 KBytes       
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  11.2 MBytes  93.8 Mbits/sec  245   48.1 KBytes       
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  10.8 MBytes  90.7 Mbits/sec  277   36.8 KBytes       
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  11.3 MBytes  94.9 Mbits/sec  247   38.2 KBytes       
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  11.1 MBytes  92.8 Mbits/sec  231   52.3 KBytes       
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  10.9 MBytes  91.7 Mbits/sec  260   46.7 KBytes       
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  10.8 MBytes  90.7 Mbits/sec  241   50.9 KBytes       
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  10.9 MBytes  91.7 Mbits/sec  245   46.7 KBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec   110 MBytes  92.5 Mbits/sec  2505             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.05  sec   110 MBytes  91.9 Mbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Ref- https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2025/exploring-wifi-7-2-gbps-on-raspberry-pi-5

Adafruit_DHT22 python3 issue fixed – RuntimeError: Unknown platform

git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT.git

cd Adafruit_Python_DHT


if [ $(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Hardware | wc -l) != "1" ] ; then
  cat /proc/cpuinfo > /etc/cpuinfo 
  echo -e "\nHardware       : BCM2709" >> /etc/cpuinfo 
  mount --bind /etc/cpuinfo /proc/cpuinfo
  echo "Mounted cpuinfo with Hardware info"
fi

python3 setup.py install

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72554099/error-installing-adafruit-dht-for-python-on-raspberry-pi-400

Ubuntu – Linux thermal / temperature sensor

#!/bin/bash
cpu=$(</sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone6/temp)

cpu_temp=$(echo "$cpu/1000" | /usr/bin/bc -l)

echo "CPU_temp $cpu_temp"
root@lp-knode-2:~# cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/type
INT3400 Thermal
SEN1
SEN2
SEN3
SEN4
SEN5
pch_cannonlake
B0D4
iwlwifi_1
x86_pkg_temp



root@lp-knode-2:~# cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/temp
20000
41050
47050
41050
45050
50
54000
46050
48000
46000

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1110943/what-do-the-different-thermal-zones-actually-correspond-to

wake on lan – wol – ubutnu

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WakeOnLan

apt install ethtool

ethtool eth


root@home:/home# ethtool enp3s0
Settings for enp3s0:
	Supported ports: [ TP	 MII ]
	Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
	                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
	                        1000baseT/Full
	Supported pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
	Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
	Supported FEC modes: Not reported
	Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
	                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
	                        1000baseT/Full
	Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
	Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
	Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
	Speed: Unknown!
	Duplex: Unknown! (255)
	Auto-negotiation: on
	master-slave cfg: preferred slave
	master-slave status: unknown
	Port: Twisted Pair
	PHYAD: 0
	Transceiver: external
	MDI-X: Unknown
	Supports Wake-on: pumbg
	Wake-on: g
	Link detected: no

wol p|u|m|b|a|g|s|d...
                  Sets Wake-on-LAN options.  Not  all  devices  support  this.
                  The argument to this option is a string of characters speci‐
                  fying which options to enable.

                  p   Wake on PHY activity
                  u   Wake on unicast messages
                  m   Wake on multicast messages
                  b   Wake on broadcast messages
                  a   Wake on ARP
                  g   Wake on MagicPacket™
                  s   Enable SecureOn™ password for MagicPacket™
                  d   Disable (wake on  nothing).   This  option
                      clears all previous options.

wake command

apt install etherwake
etherwake MAC-ADDRESS